Spring Annotations
On Aug 15, 2016 by digvijayb |

The Spring Framework provides a comprehensive programming and configuration model for modern Java-based enterprise applications - on any kind of deployment platform. A key element of Spring is infrastructural support at the application level: Spring focuses on the “plumbing” of enterprise applications so that teams can focus on application-level business logic, without unnecessary ties to specific deployment environments.

Features

  • Dependency Injection
  • Aspect-Oriented Programming including Spring’s declarative transaction management
  • Spring MVC web application and RESTful web service framework-
  • Foundational support for JDBC, JPA, JMS

Spring app is generally configured by XML based file but with release of spring 2.5 we saw the introduction of annotation in spring framework. Now spring app can be configured by annotation, no need to have a spring-context.xml (the XML file used by bean factory for initialisation of beans).

These spring annotations is category as follows

  • Core Spring Annotations
    • Context Configuration Annotations
    • Stereotyping Annotations
    • Spring MVC Annotations
    • Transaction Annotations
    • JMX Annotations
  • Aspect Annotations
  • JSR-250 Annotations
  • Testing Annotations

Core Spring Annotations

These annotations are used by Spring to guide creation and injection of beans, stereotype classes with regard to the application tier that they belong to. Spring 2.5 makes it easier to create Spring MVC applications with minimal XML configuration and without extending one of the many implementations of the Controller interface.

Context Configuration Annotations [Table]

Name Application
@Autowired Marks a constructor, field, setter method or config method as to be autowired by Spring’s dependency injection facilities.
@Configurable Marks a class as being eligible for Spring-driven configuration.
@Order Defines ordering, as an alternative to implementing the org.springframework.core.Ordered interface.
@Qualifier Guides autowiring to be performed by means other than by type.
@Required Marks a method (typically a JavaBean setter method) as being ‘required’: that is, the setter method must be configured to be dependency-injected with a value.
@Scope When used as a type-level annotation in conjunction with @Component, @Scope indicates the name of a scope to use for instances of the annotated type. When used as a method-level annotation in conjunction with @Bean, @Scope indicates the name of a scope to use for the instance returned from the method.

Stereotyping Annotations [Table]

Name Application
@Component Indicates that an annotated class is a “component”. Such classes are considered as candidates for auto-detection when using annotation-based configuration and classpath scanning.
@Controller Stereotypes a component as a Spring MVC controller. Indicates that an annotated class is a “Controller” is like web controller. Such classes are considered as candidates for auto-detection when using annotation-based configuration and classpath scanning.
@Repository Indicates that an annotated class is a “Repository”, originally defined by Domain-Driven Design (Evans, 2003) as “a mechanism for encapsulating storage, retrieval, and search behavior which emulates a collection of objects”.
@Service Stereotypes a component as a service. Indicates that an annotated class is a “Service”, originally defined by Domain-Driven Design (Evans, 2003) as “an operation offered as an interface that stands alone in the model, with no encapsulated state.”

Spring MVC Annotations

Name Application
@Controller Stereotypes a component as a Spring MVC controller. Indicates that an annotated class is a “Controller” is like web controller. Such classes are considered as candidates for auto-detection when using annotation-based configuration and classpath scanning.
@InitBinder Annotation that identifies methods which initialize the WebDataBinder which will be used for populating command and form object arguments of annotated handler methods.
@ModelAttribute When applied to a method, used to preload the model with the value returned from the method. When applied to a parameter, binds a model attribute to the parameter.
@RequestMapping Maps a URL pattern and/or HTTP method to a method or controller type.
@RequestParam Binds a request parameter to a method parameter.
@SessionAttributes Specifies that a model attribute should be stored in the session.

Transaction Annotations

Name Application
@Transactional Declares transactional boundaries and rules on a bean and/or its methods.

The @Transactional annotation is used along with the <tx:annotation-driven> element to declare transactional boundaries and rules as class and method metadata in Java. Declaring bean methods and properties as MBean operations and attributes is supported under JMX Annotations.

JMX Annotations

Name Application
@ManagedAttribute Used on a setter or getter method to indicate that the bean’s property should be exposed as a MBean attribute.
@ManagedNotification Indicates a JMX notification emitted by a bean.
@ManagedNotifications Indicates the JMX notifications emitted by a bean.
@ManagedOperation Specifies that a method should be exposed as a MBean operation.
@ManagedOperationParameter Used to provide a description for an operation parameter.
@ManagedOperationParameters Provides descriptions for one or more operation parameters.
@ManagedResource Specifies that all instances of a class should be exposed a MBeans.

These annotations, used with the element, declare bean methods and properties as MBean operations and attributes.

Aspect Annotations

AOP (Aspect Oriented Programming) in spring leverages the set of annotations provided by AspectJ. AspectJ annotations defined for Spring aspects will be defined in the context of Spring AOP and will not be handled by the AspectJ runtime, rather they get bound by byte code weaving at compile time.

Name Application
@Aspect Declares a class to be an aspect.
@After Declares a method to be called after a pointcut completes.
@AfterReturning Declares a method to be called after a pointcut returns successfully.
@AfterThrowing Declares a method to be called after a pointcut throws an exception.
@Around Declares a method that will wrap the pointcut.
@Before Declares a method to be called before proceeding to the pointcut.
@DeclareParents Declares that matching types should be given new parents,that is, it introduces new functionality into matching types.
@Pointcut Declares an empty method as a pointcut placeholder method.

JSR-250 Annotations

Spring’s own set of annotations, Spring also supports a few of the annotations defined by JSR-250, which is the basis for the annotations used in EJB 3`

Name Application
@PostConstruct Indicates a method to be invoked after a bean has been created and dependency injection is complete. Used to perform any initialization work necessary.
@PreDestroy Indicates a method to be invoked just before a bean is removed from the Spring context. Used to perform any cleanup work necessary.
@Resource Indicates that a method or field should be injected with a named resource (by default, another bean).

Testing Annotations

These annotations are useful for creating unit tests in the JUnit 4 style that depend on Spring beans and/or require a transactional context.

Name Application
@AfterTransaction Used to identify a method to be invoked after a transaction has completed.
@BeforeTransaction Used to identify a method to be invoked before a transaction starts.
@ContextConfiguration Configures a Spring application context for a test.
@DirtiesContext Indicates that a method dirties the Spring container and thus it must be rebuilt after the test completes.
@ExpectedException Indicates that the test method is expected to throw a specific exception. The test will fail if the exception is not thrown.
@IfProfileValue Indicates that the test class or method is enabled for a specific profile configuration.
@NotTransactional Indicates that a test method must not execute in a transactional context.
@ProfileValueSourceConfiguration Identifies an implementation of a profile value source. The absence of this annotation will cause profile values to be loaded from system properties.
@Repeat Indicates that the test method must be repeated a specific number of times.
@Rollback Specifies whether or not the transaction for the annotated method should be rolled back or not.
@TestExecutionListeners Identifies zero or more test execution listeners for a test class.
@Timed Specifies a time limit for the test method. If the test does not complete before the time has expired, the test will fail.
@TransactionConfiguration Configures test classes for transactions, specifying the transaction manager and/or the default rollback rule for all test methods in a test class.
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